What Should I Know For Module 4?
4.00: The Birth of New Ideas- Introduction
After completing the Module 4 Pre-Test, please open the Pre-test and look over the questions you missed. It is a great idea to write down all of the questions you missed so that you’re sure to add this information to your notes.
4.01: Science and Rebirth
-What is a pandemic? Include an example.

-How did the bubonic plague reach Europe?

-Other than sickness and death, what impacts do pandemics & epidemics have on populations?

-What impacts did climate change have on Europe during the 14th century?

4.02: Italian City-States
-Describe each of the Italian city-states:
	-The Papal States (Rome):

-The Republic of Venice: 

-The Republic of Florence:

-The Duchy of Milan:

-The Kingdom of Naples:

-What contributed to the rise of the Italian city-states? (There are 2 reasons)
4.03: Renaissance Humanities and Fine Arts
-What does humanism mean?

-What are the three cultures that influenced the Renaissance the most?
	1)				2)				3)
- How did humanism lead to change?

-Describe the changes in art during the Renaissance:
	-Perspective:

	-Chiaroscuro:

	-Fresco:

-Why was the Medici Family so important to the Renaissance?

-What are some specific examples of the artistic achievements of the Renaissance?
	-Paintings:

	-Sculptures:

	-Works of literature:

	-Inventions and discoveries: 

-How has the Renaissance influenced the modern world? (Include examples)
4.04: The Reformation and Counter-Reformation
-What was the Reformation?

-What was the Counter-Reformation?

-Describe the main complaint of the leaders of the Reformation:
	-John Wycliffe:

	-Jan Hus:

	-Desiderius Erasmus:

	-Martin Luther:

	-John Calvin:

-What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?

-What actions did the Catholic Church take during the Counter-Reformation?
	-The Jesuits and Ignatius Loyola:

	-The Inquisition:

	-Forbidding Books:

4.05: Age of Discovery
-What is a mercantile system?

-What caused Spain and Portugal to begin the Age of Exploration?

-What were some of the improvements in ships and navigation? (Include at least 3)
	1)
	2)
	3)
-Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?

-List the greatest achievement of each Explorer:
	-Zhu Di:

	-Bartolomeu Dias:

	-Vasco da Gama:

	-Ferdinand Magellan:

	-John Cabot:

4.06: Worlds Collide
-List the greatest achievement of each Explorer:
-Christopher Columbus:

	-Hernán Cortéz:

	-Francisco Pizarro:

	-Pedro Àlvares Cabral:

	-Samuel de Champlain:

-What were some of the ways that Native Americans and Europeans interacted with each other?

-What was the Columbian Exchange?

-What was being exchanged? (Include specific examples)
	-Animals:

	-Plants:

	-Diseases:

-What was the encomienda system?

4.07: Slavery
-What was the Atlantic Slave Trade?

-Why did Europeans start to use so many Africans as slaves? (Think back to 4.06)

-What is a triangular trade?

-How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact Western Africa?
	1)

	2)

-What was the Middle Passage?

-What is the name for the modern Slave Trade?